Part II of my Book
One
of the most reliable sources of Ancient History and in particular Indian
history is provided by the writings of foreign travellers and chroniclers. Most
of their writings, in context to India Persian Empire . He was also found
unreliable in some respect, and his accounts of gold digging ants to the size
of dogs in India India Indus
to the Persian, the original of which is no longer available, but the extracts,
have been preserved for posterity in Arrian’s
Indica. Onesicritus the master
pilot of Nearchus, his account of Alexander campaigns, also does not exists in
its’ original form, and was found highly exaggerated. Aristobulus another
companion of Alexander who was also a good geographer, and Kleitarchus another
Alexander companion were all left alone as unreliable or full of exaggeration.
The Himalayas
constitute a formidable crescent shaped barrier separating Sinkiang and Tibet India
The passes across the Himalayas are few, very elevated, and precarious, and all
of them strike into the elevated tableland
of Tibet Himalayas are continued by the Hindu Kush ,
and its offshoots in the west and the Lushai
hills on the east, provide the rugged, elevated and formidable barrier in
the north separating it from the rest of the world. Below the Hind Kush stretch of narrow
irregular border districts of Pathan Highlands,
a country all mountainous, a land full of
wild tribes, and the chief passes between Afghanistan India India
The two
mighty rivers, the Sindhu in the
north-west and Brahmaputra
in the east, garland the Himalayas at either
end of their length of over 2500 Kms. The Brahmaputra
and its confluent, with their potentialities for the cultivation of Tea, coffee
and fruits, dominate the northern eastern frontier, where live the numerous sub-Himalayan tribes.
The North- west is the key to India Kashmir
are contained the great reservoir’s of water supply that irrigates the flat
plains of Punjab . Kashmir
was from earlier times an influential centre of Hindu culture, was the home of
Sanskrit scholars and poets.
Bharat,
i.e. India Arabian Sea and on the south east by the Bay of Bengal .
On the north, north-east and north-west lie the Himalayan Ranges Indian Ocean washes the southern tip, Kanayakumari. Arawalli range in the north- western India
There are over 60 languages
spoken in India India Asia . It is also an accepted fact that the
trace of human life is oldest in Asia . As per
the writing, India Europe
and Central Asia . Moreover as per geographical
excavations the rich plains of Ganges were low
lying fertile land which were prone to floods and water logging and made life
difficult. Several cities and cultures and cities therein were washed out due
to heavy flow of water from Himalayas , as is
revealed by historians.
The
word Aryan
or Arya in Sanskrit means persons “of good family”. The
Gazetteer of India an amended version of the Imperial Gazetteer of India
(published by Britishers) states that Airyan
in Zend language also means the
same. I do not have any knowledge of this language hence am not in a position
to comment on it. Civilisation and
classes of people have named themselves in their own language. I do not find
anywhere in the History the trace of spreading of the ancient Zend language and
culture throughout the world, and its further development as a role in
civilisation or culture of any region, in any significant way as compared to
Sanskrit or Hindu culture.
A close study of all-old civilisations and culture from pre-historic
times reveals that culture, socio-political organisation, prosper, grow and
spread from the region of their origin i.e. the mother land. There is no
evidence or precedence in the history except that of “Aryans”, wherein a cult
of people came from other region, settled in a far away land in another part of
the world, made it as their homeland and then developed the worlds richest
culture. It is also surprising how historians believed that the ancient Aryans,
who developed the Sanskrit language much later as printed in History, named
their race as Aryan in Sanskrit thereafter. The first culturally rich and
prosperous civilisation that spread through out Asian peninsula and also Central Asia was that of the Hindu culture and
civilisation.
There is no evidence or
inscription anywhere in the history, which proves that our ancestors moved from
Central Asia to India
The Ancient Bharat, which
included Afghanistan Pakistan land of Gods
History
states the existences of various tribes
in and around the elevated tableland of Tibet Himalayas . In prominence the Mongolian tribes situated on
the North-eastern and western side of Himalayas .
It is also relevant to mention herewith that these ancient civilisations had
many things in common. The Chinese, people believed and studied Astronomy and
astrology, made calendar and followed it as per lunar cycles, loved and treated
their King as a son of God, like Hindu’s as mentioned in Veda. Indian kings
also represented themselves as the representative of the Hindu God Vishnu and
performed their Raja Dharma as per the Hindu religions and followings. Nepal China India
The excavation at Harappa and Mohenjodaro in Indus
valley point to a well developed knowledge of metallurgy of copper and bronze
in about 2500 B.C. Indian steel was highly valued all over the ancient world
and was exported in large quantities. A Chinese traveller has written about the
Brahmin possessing a liquid (probably acid) capable of dissolving most
substances.
Our ancestors named their race as Aryans,
“meaning thereby a good family”. The legendary Uttarakurus of the far north
were a model of Arcadian society of godly
men who were the first Vis ’ i.e. tribes of
Aryans. It is perhaps from this Vis , from
where some the early Aryans started their exploration of Asia
and their journey to Central Asia and beyond.
The love and preference of living in the cold icy atmosphere of Himalayas by Devas, is reflected by the spread of Aryans
to find cold places, further North and North
West India Europe
and Central, North and North East Asia . The
finding of the Swastik symbol and other Aryans signs, culture and society in
these parts, all gives an impression of the primitive Aryans and Devas,
adaptation to the cold atmosphere and also an impression that Aryans were a
race which was near to the Deva race, in matter of physical features, habits
and structure, hence were called a good family.
It further gives an impression that our Ancestors used various methods
of reproduction in a bid to find a better race, or family and left others as
separate tribes to develop and live their own life, with support and help from
them. Each tribe in the beginning had its own culture way of living and
worship. Each tribe worshipped its own Deva. There is a tradition in the Hindu
culture to worship our ancestors and the same is followed as of today. However
as per Hindu mythology, the riches of knowledge were shared more with the
Aryans than with other tribes.
In some passages (Sloakes) of Rig
Veda, the Mahabharat and the Pali canon there are references to a casteless
millennium of equality, plenty and piety- this was supposed to have existed in
some remote, unrecorded antiquity.
In the golden age of Krta or
StayaYuga there was only one caste of Deva (gods) or Brahman. The concept of
Vis or tribe came late, and the early tribal fathers (prajapati) were known by
their mothers’ name viz., Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kadru, Vinata etc, as per Rg-Veda
and the first canto of Mahabharat. These original mothers were supposed to be
the sources of mankind. There were different Vis
situated in different parts of India Himalayas
and all were matriarchal. The one-caste society of the Krta age is mythised
version of tribal herd bound by ties of kinship and tribal discipline. Men were
governed by tribal rules of hunting and war. How and when the mother was set
aside and the patriarchal system replaced the matriarchal is not known, and
later on the conception and legacy of ‘Sakti’ or the Cosmic mother, was born.
We the Hindus still pay the highest respect to ‘Sakti’ and our mother and
worship goddess in its various avatars. Mother’s place is considered the most
auspicious place in Hindu society, we worship the same and name it by various
names and one such name is Janani (the provider of life). When the Vis and Janas become
accustomed to the environment and the human evolution was complete, the Aryans
with the help of Devas began to unify them and bind them into one homogenous
group.
