Where is India's Feminist Movement Headed? - NYTimes.com
An eye opener for the women's activist and the enlightened Public of India. This is a wake up call to actuallt go to the roots of this cause and change the society for the better.
India China eight point Agreement a detail analysis
India and China had relatively little modern political contact before the
1950's. However, both countries have had extensive and close historical cultural
contact since the 1st century, especially with the transmission of Buddhism
from India to China. Trade relations via the Silk Road acted as economic
contact between the two regions.
China and India have also had some contact before the transmission of
Buddhism. References to a people called the Chinas, now believed to be the
Chinese, are found in ancient Indian literature. The Indian epic Mahabharata
(c. 5th century BC) contains references to "China", which may have
been referring to the Qin state which later became the Qin Dynasty. Chanakya
(c. 350-283 BC), the prime minister of the Maurya Empire and a professor at
Takshashila University, refers to Chinese silk as "cinamsuka"
(Chinese silk dress) and "cinapatta" (Chinese silk bundle) in his
Arthashastra.
In the Records of the Grand Historian, Zhang Qian (d. 113 BC) and Sima
Qian (145-90 BC) make references to "Shendu", which may have been
referring to the Indus Valley (the Sindh province in modern Pakistan),
originally known as "Sindhu" in Sanskrit. When Yunnan was annexed by
the Han Dynasty in the 1st century, Chinese authorities reported an Indian
"Shendu" community living there.
After the transmission of Buddhism from India to China from the 1st
century onwards, many Indian scholars and monks travelled to China, such as
Batuo (fl. 464-495 AD)—founder of the Shaolin Monastery—and Bodhi
Dharma—founder of Chan/Zen Buddhism—while many Chinese scholars and monks also
travelled to India, such as Xuanzang (b. 604) and I Ching (635-713), both of
whom were students at Nalanda University in Bihar. Xuanzang wrote the Great
Tang Records on the Western Regions, an account of his journey to India, which
later inspired Wu Cheng'en's Ming Dynasty novel Journey to the West, one of the
Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literatures.
After independence Jawaharlal Nehru vision of "resurgent Asia" on friendship between the two largest states of Asia, his vision of an internationalist foreign policy governed by the ethics of the Panchsheel, which he initially believed was shared by China, came to grief when it became clear that the two countries had a conflict of interest in Tibet.
1962 Border disputes resulted in a short border war between the People's
Republic of China (PRC) and India in 20 October 1962. The PRC pushed the unprepared
and inadequately led Indian forces to within forty-eight kilometers of the
Assam plains in the northeast and occupied strategic points in Ladakh, until
the PRC declared a unilateral cease-fire on 21 November and withdrew twenty
kilometers behind its contended line of control.
Relations between the PRC and India deteriorated during the rest of the
1960s and the early 1970s as Sino-Pakistani relations improved and Sino-Soviet
relations worsened. The PRC backed Pakistan in its 1965 war with India. Between
1967 and 1971, an all-weather road was built across territory claimed by India,
linking PRC's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with Pakistan; India could do
no more than protest.
Two territories are currently
disputed between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and India: Aksai Chin and
Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh is located near the far east of India,
while Aksai Chin is located near the north-west corner of India, at the junction
of India, Pakistan, and the PRC. However, all sides in the dispute have agreed
to respect the Line of Actual Control and this border dispute is not widely
seen as a major flashpoint.
However the Chinese neighbours are most unreliable and their actions most
often are in contrary to their statements. The facts produced hereunder will
reveal the same.
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao paid an official visit to India from
Dec.15-17, 2010 at the invitation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. His
statement at Tagore International school :-
“India and China are two very populous countries with ancient
civilisations, friendship between the two countries has a time- honoured
history, which can be dated back 2,000 years, and since the establishment of
diplomatic ties between our two countries, in particular the last ten years,
friendship and cooperation has made significant progress.”
In April 2011, during the BRICS summit in Sanya, Hainan, China the two
countries agreed to restore defence co-operation and China had hinted that it
may reverse its policy of administering stapled visas to residents of Jammu and
Kashmir. This practice was later stopped, and as a result, defence ties were
resumed between the two nations and joint military drills were expected.
In the 2012 BRICS summit in New Delhi, India, Chinese President Hu Jintao
told Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh that "it is China's unswerving
policy to develop Sino-Indian friendship, deepen strategic cooperation and seek
common development" and "China hopes to see a peaceful, prosperous
and continually developing India and is committed to building more dynamic
China-India relationship". Other topics were discussed, including border
dispute problems and a unified BRICS central bank.
A three-week stand off between Indian and Chinese troops in close
proximity to each other and the Line of Actual Control between Jammu and
Kashmir's Ladakh region and Aksai Chin was defused on May 5, 2013, days before
a trip by Indian Foreign Minister Salman Khurshid to China; Khurshid said that
both countries had a shared interest in not having the border issue exacerbate
or "destroy" long-term progress in relations. The Chinese agreed to
withdraw their troops in exchange for an Indian agreement to demolish several
"live-in bunkers" 250 km to the south in the disputed Chumar sector.
M. Taylor Fravel, a professor of political science at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and an expert on China’s border issues, said that China
might be responding to local concerns about Indian military construction in the
disputed area.
Chinese Premier Li Keqiang after officially taking his office in March,
made his first foreign visit to India on 18 May 2013 in a bid to resolve border
disputes and to stimulate economic relations.
Eight items were agreed upon by the two nations and officially signed by
Singh and Li after a session of delegation-level talks.
1. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) of the Tibet Autonomous Region of
the People's Republic of China, regarding the famous Hindu tradition of Kailash
Manasarovar Yatra, the annual pilgrimage to Lake Manasarovar . Both countries
agreed to plan the pilgrimage every year during May and September. The route to
reach Manasarovar from India had been previously blocked off for several years
after China took control of Tibet. Now, the Chinese agreed to improve routes to
the lake for Indians travelling to the site, as well as provide assistance in
setting up communication systems in the form of renting wireless sets and phone SIM cards for the mass of travellers.
2. To enhance trade, both sides decided to set up three working groups
under the Joint Economic Group: the Services Trade Promotion Working Group,
Economic and Trade Planning Cooperation and Trade Statistical Analysis. This
was signed by India’s Minister of Commerce, Industry & Textiles Anand Sharma
and China’s Minister of Commerce Gao Hucheng.
3. An MOU between Export promotion organisations of India ( APEDA, MPEDA
and Export Inspection Council of India)
falling under Commerce ministry and
China’s General Administration of Quality supervision , Inspection and
Quarantine, in effort to strengthen
mutual cooperation in the trade and safety of buffalo meat, fishery products,
feed products and feed ingredients, the two nations agreed to meet the
standards and regulatory requirements of several agricultural and seafood
product groups.
4. An MOU was signed to enhance cooperation in sewage treatment by
India’s Ministry of Urban Development and the National Development and Reform
Commission of China. Aims at enhancing, cooperation in the field of Sewage
Treatment and experience sharing in the areas of mutual interest in the urban
sectors.
5. The Ministry of Water Resources in India and China’s National
Development and Reform Commission signed a memorandum on cooperation for
efficient irrigation. The agreement will encourage bilateral cooperation and
exchange of efficient water technology to help boost agriculture in both
nations.
6. India’s Ministry of External Affairs and China’s infamous State
Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (the entity in
charge of censoring works of art) came to an agreement on the mutual
translation and publication of classic and contemporary works. The deal will
create a joint working group that will be responsible for translating and
publishing 25 books of each nation in the other respective language over a
period of five years.
7. China has agreed to provide India with vital information regarding the
water levels, discharge and rainfall levels of the Brahmaputra River, where
there are three hydrological stations, twice a day at 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM Beijing time during the June 1 to Oct. 15 time period.
8. An agreement was signed by India’s Ministry of External Affairs and
China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs that will facilitate cooperation between
Indian and Chinese cities. The memorandum establishes sister states/provinces
between the two nations allowing the two nations to build relationships of
mutual interest and improve greater people to people contacts.
Kailash Manasarovar Yatra is known for its religious value, cultural
significance, physical beauty and thrilling nature. It is undertaken by
hundreds of people every year. Holding significance for the Hindus as the abode
of Lord Shiva, it holds religious importance also for the Jains and the
Buddhists. The Yatra starts at 9,500 feet and involves trekking at
high altitudes of up to 19,500 feet, under inhospitable conditions, including
extreme cold and rugged terrain, and proves hazardous to those who are not
physically and medically fit. Therefore, this Yatra demands medical facilities
and full support from the authorities of both counties. The Yatra is open to eligible Indian citizens,
holding valid Indian passports, who wish to proceed to Kailash-Manasarovar for
religious purposes. The Government of
India previously did not take any responsibility in any manner for any loss of
life or injury to a pilgrim Yatri, or any loss or damage to property of a Yatri
due to any natural calamity or due to any other reason. Pilgrims were to
undertake this Yatra purely at their own volition, cost, risk and consequences.
The Government also did not took any obligation to bring the mortal remains of
any pilgrim across the border for cremation in the Indian side, in case of
death on the Chinese side. All Yatris were, therefore, required to sign a
Consent Form for cremation of mortal remains on the Chinese side in case of
death. This position still remains the same and there is no clarification from
either side about the means and manners in which both the Govt. will assist the pilgrimage. There is only a vague clause in the pact that
the Chinese authorities will make further improvements to the existing
facilities on the route of the pilgrims.
In contrary to its neighbour’s policy, India is eyeing to China's fast
expanding outbound tourism market, which has, so far, largely bypassed India. The
Indian government has launched a tourism campaign targeting the world's
fastest-growing Buddhist population with a direct sales pitch: visit India and
reconnect with your faith. Indian officials hope that promoting the ‘Buddhist
circuit train' in China, which has been in operation since 2007 and stops along
several pilgrimage sites in northern India, can help boost the low numbers of
Chinese tourists who travel to India. They have begun marketing the train in
China as a way for Chinese to reconnect with their faith, but “in comfort.” The
train takes travellers, over the course of a week, to several cities associated
with the Buddha's life. Starting in New Delhi, the ‘Mahaparinirvan Express'
stops at places such as Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Varanasi, Sarnath,
Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Lumbini the Buddha's birthplace and Sravasti in
Nepal. The train, which was introduced
in 2007, has tariffs ranging from Rs.7,500 to Rs.34,000. In Beijing, Mr. Tandon, managing director of
the IRCTC, in Nov 2011, told an audience of Chinese tour operators and travel
agents that the success of trains focused on pilgrimage sites had prompted the
Indian Railways to launch another special train service next month, starting
from Chandigarh, focusing on important Sikh temples in India.
Several luxurious hotels and restaurants, luxurious Buses & Taxies, items used by Chinese and
Buddhist people, Web sites, Tourist information Centre, books and guides are
made available for the Traveller of all
Buddhist countries from the Government of India and the Private Tour
Operators to make religious travellers and Yatri’s feel at home and comfortable
in India.
Srikanth Kondapalli, a professor of Chinese studies at Jawaharlal Nehru
University in New Delhi, said that India had so far gotten little of value out
of the visit, including no reassurance about the border. “My assessment is that
China has gained more from these meetings than India,” he said. “The Chinese
side conceded nothing.”
One measure of the continuing unease between the world’s two most
populous nations is that their leaders will almost immediately visit the
other’s rival. Mr. Li is scheduled to fly to Pakistan on Wednesday, and Mr.
Manmohan Singh will go to Tokyo next week. Mr. Li could announce a civil
nuclear deal with Pakistan when he visits Islamabad, an arrangement that India
is unlikely to welcome.
The current agreements seemed
unlikely to halt India’s growing concerns about its increasingly powerful eastern
neighbour. The present government is fairly introspective, has little appetite
for grand international gestures and has begun to limit its expansive military
spending. But the Indian military leaders, both retired and active, have begun
to insist that the nation pay less attention to Pakistan, its historic and
increasingly irrelevant rival, and more to China. There is a growing concern
throughout the country about the Chinese intentions and high handed ways of its
rulers. China has grown increasingly assertive in the South China Sea and has
been building ports in Sri Lanka and Pakistan. China’s ports, referred to as “a
string of pearls,” have alarmed India and unnerved the United States as well.
The Building of the Indian Nation
Preface
It gives me immense pleasure and satisfaction, to write this book in the
interest of our nation. This book is dedicated to my Matri-Bhoomee, i.e. my mother land which has given me the pride to
be its son. The book is written primarily for the purpose of promoting “Nationalism”, which according to my
thinking is the mother of all developmental movements.
The book written specially in precise to reach the
masses at reasonable rates is also available in our national language Hindi. It
is felt that voluminous books have become the ornament of intellectuals, due to
the prevalent busy life style of people. The short book is written for the
noble cause of promoting several clauses amongst which nationalism, unity and
oneness, secularism, rich cultural and historical heritage of the country hold
prime importance, and contains in precise authentic texts, references
books, data’s and incorporates
references of Hindu religious books Veda, Mahabharat, Ramayan etc. were-in
relevant to the context. The references are also taken by incorporating
authentic text from “The Gazetteer of
India”, history and culture for making the text most reliable and
authentic. The Maps printed and reproduced in the book is taken from the
Gazetteer of India, for reliability.
I personally believe that we have done little to promote our rich
cultural heritage and history. We have been educated and taught the distorted
history, which the British people and other invaders have furnished to us. Most
of our ancient Granth’s and Books being produced as of today suffer because of
this and for the fact that our text and knowledge in pre-historic times were
not written. It was a system of oral tradition by which learning was
transmitted from teacher to pupil in an unbroken chain called Guru-Sishya Parampara. This parampara
has been followed through centuries and the exact date of composition of these
holy Granth’s as Veda, Mahabharata,
Ramayana is not clear and may be followed for several millions of
years. Certain errors have crept in our
ancient books through ages, due to the faulty erroneous oral transmission of
such voluminous books arising out of vested interest and sanctimonious believe
in our society, domination of an alien power in
our country and certain sanctimonious belief and bad practices.
This is why our ancient books like Ramayana, Mahabharata etc. reveal different
texts in different regions.
However the texts which do not affect vested interests of certain
sections people have remain intact, and are very useful in modern day contest.
I am producing some facts which if properly investigated would actually reveal
a lot of valuable information’s for us.
Vedanta Jyotisa an astronomic ancillary to the Vedas, described a cycle total of 1830
days as a Yuga of 5 years, against an actual 1826 ¼ prevalent today. This total
system was based on Nakshatras. The
Nakshatras are the 27 group into which the stars forming the back ground of the
moon are divided, one such group being passed by moon is one thithi (lunar
date, slightly shorter than a solar date). There is one particular Nakshatras which
comes in a Cycle of five years, as is true as of today, but the period of the
Nakshatras is being shortened though ages. Current day Astronomers also choose
to adjust their clocks by a minute recently, due to the changes in the solar
systems. I personally believe that at the time of writing of Veda the original
cycle would have been 1830 days for 5 years Cycle. If we find out the date in the reverse order
of adjustments by the minutes the actual date of the composition of our
Rig-Veda can be found accurately. An honest research on this subject (after
considering, the latest time adjustment therein per Yuga as per Veda), may
actually reveal the actual date of composition of Veda, give proof of our ancient
civilisation and solve many mysteries of Geography, Astronomy and the formation
of this world. We have done little to even find out the basis of our old
researches and writings of our most knowledgeable and intelligent Ancestors,
and are flowing ourselves in the westernised culture and knowledge without even
logically analysing our old texts and its writing.
I will give a brief description of the greatness of the Knowledge given
in our Granth’s and literature, as some of which are too big to fit my small
mind and knowledge and desires a detail analysis by scientists, Astronomers and
Geologists. I believe that the astronomy, space science would gain enormously
if our Granth’s are properly analysed and practically applied in modern day
science.
Surya Siddhantha is the best known book on Hindu astronomy. The original texts were
changed two or three times between 500 A.D and 1500 A.D., but are still
accurate to enable to predict solar eclipses with an error of two or three
hours.
As per description in Surya
Purana and other Hindu Granth’s :- The
Kala as: -
2 Parmanu( Atom) = 1 Annu (
molecule), 2 Annu = 1 Thrsharenu, 3
Thrsharenu = 1 Truitee, and so on-------------. The system further states that
the time taken by Sun in one Raasi (Zodiac sign) is the time of one Solar (Saur
Maas ) month. The time taken by sun to travel all the solar months is a solar
year. 4320000 solar years makes one Maha Yuga. In one Maha Yuga there are 4
Yugas i.e.: - Satyuga = 1728000 Years Treta = 1296000 years (this is the Yuga in
which lord Rama was born and lived ) Dawapar = 864000 years (this is the Yuga
in which lord Krishna lived) Kaliyuga = 43200 years (the current Yuga) 71
Mahayuga makes one Mavantar, 1 Mavantar is 30 Crores 67 lakhs and 20 thousand
years. After each mavantar there is an Sandhya (evening) of 17 lakhs and 28
thousand years. In the Sandhya the earth starts heating like a boiler and there
is heavy rain and flood. This is called pralaya in Indian Astronomy. Like wise
various descriptions are given of the periodicity and life of the Universe and
the planet earth, which includes the actual time at which this Universe and all
its planets and sub-planets will dissolve into Atom, and then again when this
solar system is formed. The timings and the periodicity marked therein is so
minutely explained and well described that it gives, the indication of truth
stated there-in, and desires proper research and evaluation.
The Granths state as 1 Kalpa =
1000 MahaYuga, and as per the current calculation we have as on 30th of March
1987, spent 1972949088 years from the formation Sristhi of this Kalpa, and the
current year is marked as Kaliyuga 5105 years as per our Hindu era. Now let us
find out the description evaluation of the periodicity on earth wherein the
huge Demons or Asura lived side by side with the men. As per Ramayana the
demons were present in that period i.e. the Treta Yuga, which as per current
calculation must have been some Time in Kaliyuga 5105 + DawaparYuga 8,64,000 = 8,69,105
years before but not later than 12,96,000 Treta Yuga + 8,69, 105 years= 2,165,105
years.
This may be said to be about one million - two million years ago, which
is the same period as shown by the Discovery and other Television channels, by way of researches and
evaluation shown in their program on the subject of remains of huge humanoids
to the size of Demons. The remains of which is a mystery and can be found in America and Central Asia, with
big huge structures and its remains, found in archaeological excavation work
done there.
Now let us analyse the scientific classification given by zoologists to
the human life and its evaluation. As per the scientists it took 4,000,000
years for the Afarensis to develop into Homo Sapiens (Human beings name as per
Genus and species marked by zoologists). There is no description of the huge
demons and its evolution and role in the evolution of mankind though the skeletons
were found, in archaeological excavation in America
and Central Asia and desires a proper
evaluation and explanation. The current Human evaluation is said to be only
50,000 years old. However the scientists are yet to find the origin of the
sapiens species, despite trying their best to find a suitable answer. However
it has been clear that they did not arise in Europe .
Much of the things relating to the human evaluation and development is
still a mystery and needs much description, research, evaluation and solution.
The matter described in our holy Granth’s and Veda may be of immense help to
solve the unsolved puzzles and mysteries surrounding our Universe, earth and
evolution of mankind, for the researchers, astronomers and scientist.
The Indian Society is currently in a state of turmoil due to its
inability to recognise itself, in the fast changing world order. Indian Society
has developed many vices and bad practices through ages, owing
to the loss of political power and domination of alien powers in our country.
The current form of Indian society is due to such transformation and our
inability to recognise our true traditions and culture. It needs deep thinking
and action from all its citizens, in their quest to rebuild the Indian Nation
in the lines on which our knowledgeable ancestors and Saints had built our
ancient society and civilisation.
I am of the personal view that, if India
V.K.Singh
DT:
- 3.06.2005
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