The Building of the Indian Nation

Preface

It gives me immense pleasure and satisfaction, to write this book in the interest of our nation. This book is dedicated to my Matri-Bhoomee, i.e. my mother land which has given me the pride to be its son. The book is written primarily for the purpose of promoting “Nationalism”, which according to my thinking is the mother of all developmental movements.

The book written specially in precise to reach the masses at reasonable rates is also available in our national language Hindi. It is felt that voluminous books have become the ornament of intellectuals, due to the prevalent busy life style of people. The short book is written for the noble cause of promoting several clauses amongst which nationalism, unity and oneness, secularism, rich cultural and historical heritage of the country hold prime importance, and contains in precise authentic texts, references books,  data’s and incorporates references of Hindu religious books Veda, Mahabharat, Ramayan etc. were-in relevant to the context. The references are also taken by incorporating authentic text from “The Gazetteer of India”, history and culture for making the text most reliable and authentic. The Maps printed and reproduced in the book is taken from the Gazetteer of India, for reliability.

I personally believe that we have done little to promote our rich cultural heritage and history. We have been educated and taught the distorted history, which the British people and other invaders have furnished to us. Most of our ancient Granth’s and Books being produced as of today suffer because of this and for the fact that our text and knowledge in pre-historic times were not written. It was a system of oral tradition by which learning was transmitted from teacher to pupil in an unbroken chain called Guru-Sishya Parampara. This parampara has been followed through centuries and the exact date of composition of these holy Granth’s as Veda, Mahabharata, Ramayana is not clear and may be followed for several millions of years.  Certain errors have crept in our ancient books through ages, due to the faulty erroneous oral transmission of such voluminous books arising out of vested interest and sanctimonious believe in our society, domination of an alien power in our country and certain sanctimonious belief and bad practices. This is why our ancient books like Ramayana, Mahabharata etc. reveal different texts in different regions.

However the texts which do not affect vested interests of certain sections people have remain intact, and are very useful in modern day contest. I am producing some facts which if properly investigated would actually reveal a lot of valuable information’s for us.

Vedanta Jyotisa an astronomic ancillary to the Vedas, described a cycle total of 1830 days as a Yuga of 5 years, against an actual 1826 ¼ prevalent today. This total system was based on Nakshatras. The Nakshatras are the 27 group into which the stars forming the back ground of the moon are divided, one such group being passed by moon is one thithi (lunar date, slightly shorter than a solar date). There is one particular Nakshatras which comes in a Cycle of five years, as is true as of today, but the period of the Nakshatras is being shortened though ages. Current day Astronomers also choose to adjust their clocks by a minute recently, due to the changes in the solar systems. I personally believe that at the time of writing of Veda the original cycle would have been 1830 days for 5 years Cycle.  If we find out the date in the reverse order of adjustments by the minutes the actual date of the composition of our Rig-Veda can be found accurately. An honest research on this subject (after considering, the latest time adjustment therein per Yuga as per Veda), may actually reveal the actual date of composition of Veda, give proof of our ancient civilisation and solve many mysteries of Geography, Astronomy and the formation of this world. We have done little to even find out the basis of our old researches and writings of our most knowledgeable and intelligent Ancestors, and are flowing ourselves in the westernised culture and knowledge without even logically analysing our old texts and its writing.

I will give a brief description of the greatness of the Knowledge given in our Granth’s and literature, as some of which are too big to fit my small mind and knowledge and desires a detail analysis by scientists, Astronomers and Geologists. I believe that the astronomy, space science would gain enormously if our Granth’s are properly analysed and practically applied in modern day science.

  

Surya Siddhantha is the best known book on Hindu astronomy. The original texts were changed two or three times between 500 A.D and 1500 A.D., but are still accurate to enable to predict solar eclipses with an error of two or three hours.

As per description in Surya Purana and other Hindu Granth’s :-  The Kala as: -

 2 Parmanu( Atom) = 1 Annu ( molecule), 2 Annu  = 1 Thrsharenu, 3 Thrsharenu = 1 Truitee, and so on-------------. The system further states that the time taken by Sun in one Raasi (Zodiac sign) is the time of one Solar (Saur Maas ) month. The time taken by sun to travel all the solar months is a solar year. 4320000 solar years makes one Maha Yuga. In one Maha Yuga there are 4 Yugas i.e.: - Satyuga = 1728000 Years Treta = 1296000 years (this is the Yuga in which lord Rama was born and lived ) Dawapar = 864000 years (this is the Yuga in which lord Krishna lived) Kaliyuga = 43200 years (the current Yuga) 71 Mahayuga makes one Mavantar, 1 Mavantar is 30 Crores 67 lakhs and 20 thousand years. After each mavantar there is an Sandhya (evening) of 17 lakhs and 28 thousand years. In the Sandhya the earth starts heating like a boiler and there is heavy rain and flood. This is called pralaya in Indian Astronomy. Like wise various descriptions are given of the periodicity and life of the Universe and the planet earth, which includes the actual time at which this Universe and all its planets and sub-planets will dissolve into Atom, and then again when this solar system is formed. The timings and the periodicity marked therein is so minutely explained and well described that it gives, the indication of truth stated there-in, and desires proper research and evaluation.

 The Granths state as 1 Kalpa = 1000 MahaYuga, and as per the current calculation we have as on 30th of March 1987, spent 1972949088 years from the formation Sristhi of this Kalpa, and the current year is marked as Kaliyuga 5105 years as per our Hindu era. Now let us find out the description evaluation of the periodicity on earth wherein the huge Demons or Asura lived side by side with the men. As per Ramayana the demons were present in that period i.e. the  Treta Yuga, which  as per  current  calculation must have been some Time in Kaliyuga 5105 + DawaparYuga 8,64,000 = 8,69,105 years before but not later than 12,96,000 Treta Yuga + 8,69, 105 years= 2,165,105 years.  

This may be said to be about one million - two million years ago, which is the same period as shown by the Discovery and other  Television channels, by way of researches and evaluation shown in their program on the subject of remains of huge humanoids to the size of Demons. The remains of  which is a mystery and  can be found in America and Central Asia, with big huge structures and its remains, found in archaeological excavation work done there.

Now let us analyse the scientific classification given by zoologists to the human life and its evaluation. As per the scientists it took 4,000,000 years for the Afarensis to develop into Homo Sapiens (Human beings name as per Genus and species marked by zoologists). There is no description of the huge demons and its evolution and role in the evolution of mankind though the skeletons were found, in archaeological excavation in America and Central Asia and desires a proper evaluation and explanation. The current Human evaluation is said to be only 50,000 years old. However the scientists are yet to find the origin of the sapiens species, despite trying their best to find a suitable answer. However it has been clear that they did not arise in Europe.

Much of the things relating to the human evaluation and development is still a mystery and needs much description, research, evaluation and solution. The matter described in our holy Granth’s and Veda may be of immense help to solve the unsolved puzzles and mysteries surrounding our Universe, earth and evolution of mankind, for the researchers, astronomers and scientist.

The Indian Society is currently in a state of turmoil due to its inability to recognise itself, in the fast changing world order. Indian Society has developed many vices and bad practices through ages, owing to the loss of political power and domination of alien powers in our country. The current form of Indian society is due to such transformation and our inability to recognise our true traditions and culture. It needs deep thinking and action from all its citizens, in their quest to rebuild the Indian Nation in the lines on which our knowledgeable ancestors and Saints had built our ancient society and civilisation.

I am of the personal view that, if India is to become a world power, the help of our Holy Granths and ancestors’ research work should be taken into account and further be developed and researched by combining them with the recent scientific research works. We can at least make an honest attempt to study the research works and writing of our ancestors, for evaluating the knowledge, which they wanted to be carried over to the next generations and to further discover our origin and the mystery involved with it. Lastly I regret to state that certain errors and omissions have crept in the book due to my oversight in incorporation and compilation of texts from voluminous reference books. The same is humbly requested be ignored by the learned readers.

                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                         V.K.Singh

DT: - 3.06.2005                                                                                   

The Building of the Indian Nation

                   

Part  III of my Book 

Our ancestors, brought with them great thought of development and were worshipers of Panch Tatawa. Aryans studied the Panch tatwa, of our great land minutely and extensively, as their religion was to worship the nature and its gifts. The Panch tatwa i.e. the Jal (Water), Vayu (Air), Dharatee (Land), Agni (Fire) and Akash (Atmosphere) of this nation was properly analysed, explored and exploited and made a way of life, culture and worship. Agriculture, trade and cottage industries, which were the main industry of the early men, all developed and prospered, by full exploitation of the Panch Tatwas of our great nation. Agriculture, the mainstay of economic stability, was considered respectable. All the methods of agriculture were well understood and defined, the plough was drawn by six to twelve bulls and canals were dug for irrigation.

Then came the system of social law, the society and the fusion of numerous tribes and races. The Vis was then divided into Gotra system (each representing and named after the patriarchal father the holy sage or Brahmin) and also the Varna system was later evolved. It is in this light that we still find in the Hindu society, belonging to different castes Varnas as Bahamans, Vaisya having the same Gotra.  The division of labour was found to be essential for the growth of this great nation hence the Varna system was formulated. 

Family (Kula) served the basis of social and political organisation, starting with family; the hierarchy in the ascending order was Grama (village), clan (Vis), Jana (people) and Rastra (country). A number of of clans constituted the people (Jana). The Rastra (country) contained a number of Janas (people), several of which are mentioned in the Rg-Veda and later Vedic literature. Rastra were generally ruled by Rajan (Kings), through non-monarchical organisation also existed as Ganapati or Jyestha as the head of Ganas. Some tribes had a sort of obligacy, with several members of the royal family ruling jointly. The most powerful of the non-monarchical to mention were the Licchavis ruling from their Capital at Vaishali currently in the state of Bihar. Protection of the life and property of the people, maintenance of peace, law and order, administration and defence of the Rastra was the moral duty of the King. He was a military commander and a religious head, which would establish and uphold, established order and moral rules (Dhartavrata). As checks of king’s arbitrary exercise of power two popular people’s assemblies, Sabha and Samitri, were present which expressed the will of the people on important matters.  Sabha was, from the outset, a limited body with judicial functions. The Samiti was the Vedic tribal of folk assembly par excellence, which at least occasionally exercised the right of electing the King.

 The administration of justice and punishment to the guilty were the principle duties of the King, and Purohita and later the Sabha and Samhitas assisted as the court of justice. The crimes were well defined and were recorded. Loans and usury were well understood, and wergild (monetary compensation to the relatives of the person killed) was inforce. Hence it is evident that the system and philosophy of Democracy was prevalent in India from ancient times. No where in our history or Granths has there been any reference of any dictator or military ruler ruling Bharat i.e. India. 

Since the beginning of the Indian civil society, its affairs were regulated not by laws of state but by customary rules known as Dharma. Dharma is what holds together, or a code of Duties for harmonious functioning of various divisions of Society. Dharma Shastra or Shmritis laid down rules for every caste and vocation, for every relation in society king and subject. Religion played an important part in the lives of the Indians from the earliest times, as in case of many other ancient nations of the world.

Vedic people believed in the sanctity of the creative force, and venerated the father and mother aspect of the divinity and their emblems. The Veda and the Brahmanas constituted the first bulk of literary out put of the Vedic Aryans. But even in the early period the seers entertained doubts about the utility and efficacy of Vedic ritualism.

Our ancestors formed their way of living based on some philosophy, and accordingly they drafted Granths and Upanishads (large in number but only eleven considered to be proper). The Upanishad sections of the Vedic literature envisage a progressive outlook. These Upanishads, rightly described as the Vedanta (acme of Vedas), represent early stage in the origin and development of the religio- metaphysical concept. The Granths stated that the Ultimate Being (Sat) is one and in and behind the objective world is the ultimate reality called the Brahma, which is real, infinite and blissful Consciousness.

The Yogavasistha stresses and emphasises more on mans own thinking and efforts than the authority of Sastras (scriptures), and the dependence on teachers and Divine grace. The multiplicity of the world objects sprang from it as sparks from fire.

Puranas (derived from Purana i.e. old and of antiquity) the Chronology of Indian Kings and their History and some of the Smrities like that of Manu further amplifies and popularises the teaching of Upanishads, the Bhagavad –Gita and Yogavasisistha by mixing them with popular religious believe and rituals. The Dynastic lists in the Puranas have shown that the historical information they convey is not as untrustworthy as was believed to be by historians. But often the fragments of history embedded in them have been torn away from their context; in every probability the chain of evidence which might have brought Puranas into substantial evidence with earlier Vedic tradition has been broken. 

The indigenous tribes were forced to follow and submit to this new Hindu way of living and society. The tribes that refused to submit to the Aryan domination were dispossessed of its land, and forced to move off to hills and forests and live by hunting and plundering. The religion Hindu and the Indian way of life the Hinduism a fusion of Aryan, Dravidian culture, and several other cultures and religion’s, with the more emphasis on the mental and spiritual aspects and thinking. It was perhaps formed and grew up in the Indus valley civilisation, with most other classes and species converging their best of cultures and way of life into it.

The Vis were itself split into three parts, the main body, i.e., the Vaisya followed productive pursuits like agriculture, cattle rearing and trade. The Brahmans performed the function of Dharma, on the basis of custom and equity and formulated laws, welfare and studies. The Ksatriya were charged with the defence of realms and running the administration. The three varnas specialised in their avocations and each was accorded a place in the social hierarchy suitable to the dignity of its services. The indigenous tribes who originally refused to submit top Aryan domination were given the Sudras varnas and were given professions like sweeping, corpse-burning and executing criminals.

In the beginning the vocations of Varnas were not strictly hereditary. The Vaisya and the Sudras could improve their status and position provided they possessed the necessary talents and virtues. . However this Manuvadipratha, was later in history misutilised by people and was misconceived and misinterpreted by people for their petty gains. Selfish rulers, in their bid to divide and rule the people, promoted this Jati pratha. Our old scripts and writing states that kshatiyas (Rajputs) when they reached a definite age took Sanyas and became Saints. Ksatriya, who excelled in philosophical pursuits and delivered holy ideas and speeches, become a Brahman. It is also mentioned in old mythologies that Kshatiyas(Rajputs), married their daughter’s to Saints. A well-known story of Satapatha Brahman, Janaka, king of Videha and Vishvamitra of Vedas give similar stories. In Yajnavalkya’s Dharma Sastra (religious laws), Sudras are allowed to pursue the Vaisya calling of Agriculture, crafts and trade. So it is conclusive that the system was only a method of division of labour, which made our great nation an economic power, to

be known as Sonay ki Chirya i.e. the Golden bird. Our Rishis (Sages) described life patterns for each individuals called the Ashrams which was relevant and appropriate in their times. The four Ashrams were named as Brahamcharya, Greehastha, Vanprastha and Sanyas.

In his travel accounts and chronicles of India, in 4^th century B.C.  Megasthenes (a Chinese traveller) observed and stated in his observation described Indian castes division as actually that relating to vacation groups.  Vocations were not necessarily fixed by parentage and that division of vocation had become more apparent than those of birth.

Women enjoyed equal status with men; Upanayana (initiation) was performed for girls. Women studied Vedas and brahmacarya like boys and followed the profession of teaching upto the Stura period. In the Vedic times women had access to all branches of learning. Women like Ghosnha, Apahla and Vishvavara were composers of outstanding Vedic hymns. Women of higher castes were indispensable partners of their husbands in Yajna (Yagya). They could hold property and widows could remarry.

Our holy Granths have described Puspak Viman (meaning thereby aeroplane) and many other modern amenities, which appears to be more developed than the one existing and are prevalent in this modern age. References are made to the “Moving fort”, and a machine for assaulting strongholds. The army and men made use of several types of weapons, which were treated, as magical or gifted by the Devas as per granths, and was capable of causing destruction, much more than what modern age weapon can do.

The spirit of “Bharat” was developed in the villages, which had in ancient times, the most advanced cottage industries of its time, with spiritual, moral and intelligent people living there in, all bound by the way and custom of life called “Hinduism.” The golden era of the Indian economy (when it was called Shonay kee Chriya) saw the villages develop and prosper into a self-sufficient small economical center for development of ancient Bharat. The agriculture and cottage industries based on it, which was the only developed industry in ancient times, were the most developed. The villages had it separate autonomous economic and democratic set up, which looked after the development of villages.  Hence it helped the socialist, cultural and economical cause of the ancient Bharat

The Arts and crafts was a family affair, knowledge and skill passed mostly from father to son, or was imparted by the master craftsman of the caste group or craft guild.

The Vaisyas were the most numerous castes; some of them climbed to the highest rung of the economic order. The merchants sent their cargo across the sea as far as Mesopotamia and East Indies by ships. The economic pyramid the hierarchy from top to bottom were top officials, merchants, and bankers and land owners (Amatya, Sresthi, Gramabhojaka) small farmers, artisans and ordinary officials and labours. The ancient Indian literature shows that Indian textile enjoyed undisputed supremacy all over the civilised world for nearly 2000 years.

Our Saints and the great Aryans realised the importance of our rich natural resources, they travelled extensively throughout the country and formed Mathas and temples on each and every corner of our country in order to unit and bind the people with one culture and religion the “Hinduism”. Our great Saints discovered, explored and researched with the rich natural resources and heritages of this great Land/nation and formed and applied their thoughts into action and way of life. Our great rivers, which irrigated and fed our people, gave life to the rich vegetation and flora, were worshiped. Saints hence discovered the important of our, seven great rivers named and worshiped them, and formed temples and civilisations on their Banks. Hindu rituals and worship’s was incomplete without the water of these great rivers. The Aryans/Our ancestors realised the importance of these rivers and its resources to the prosperity and development of our motherland, to the extent that, any Hindu Yagya was not complete without bring/ mixing/performing rituals from the water of all/most of these important rivers.

There might have existed several religions and Gods, being worshiped by different classes of people at that point of time. It was in this respect that Hinduism found a common path of Nationalism, by drafting Hinduism the way of life wherein all the Gods representing different section of the society being worshiped by all. However there was a catch here that each Hindu had its own Ista Deveta (God), thereby defying any confrontation. It is in this line that we Hindus some time become astonished and confused, why we have so many gods to worship, as compares to the single figure gods of other religions. There have been references in our Holy Granths as to the treatment of certain Devas as inferior Devas in the ladder, for performing religious rituals.

Our ancestors and the thinkers of the land from pre-Historic times realised the natural geographical unity of India and find expression in the formulation of the ideal of a universal emperor, Chakravorti or Sarvabhauma Samrat, the ceremonial of his installation is detailed in Aitareya Brahmana. And in the definition of Chakravarti Ksetra by Kautilya as including the whole of India from Himalayas to the Seas and thousands yojanas across. Hence it is evident that the national boundaries of Bharat, the concept of nationalism and its boundaries was spelt and defined from ancient pre- historic times.

Hindu society from the earliest times considered the education of its members as one of its primary obligation; this indeed was a system on which society was based. This system is known as Varnasama Dharma, meaning thereby life being regulated by different classes (Varanas) and stages (Ashrams). The disciples had his physical birth at home of his natural parents but his spiritual birth at the place of his preceptor, where he accepted brahmachaya, with strict discipline of life, regulation about diet, dress, study, social service and religious practices. The view of the education as a process of ones’ inner growth and self-fulfillment evolved its own technique, its rules, method and practices. It recognised that the making of man was primarily the training of mind as the instrument of acquiring knowledge so as to increase its intrinsic potency and creative capacity. As per Manu Shamrti :-  " जन्मना जायते शूद्रः "                      

How the Aryans a pastoral race of people developed such a scientific and advanced system, which grew and prospered without any outside help, and that too in such a short span of time as described in history. And that too from the very beginning of Indian civilised society, is a matter desiring proper evaluation and explanation from historians.

The Building of the Indian Nation

  Part II of my Book

One of the most reliable sources of Ancient History and in particular Indian history is provided by the writings of foreign travellers and chroniclers. Most of their writings, in context to India in drafting the current History have been left by historians as, exaggerations or full of lies. The place of honour is secured by Herodotus (454-425 BC), who was called “the father of history”. He knew of Indians as the eastern most and the most numerous of the people inhabiting the empire of the Persian emperor, Darius I. They paid him the huge annual tributes of three hundred and sixty talents gold dust, he also knew Indians outside Persian Empire. He was also found unreliable in some respect, and his accounts of gold digging ants to the size of dogs in India were the most talked about. His total writing and accounts are also not taken into account as been seen as been led away from truth. Ktesias (416-398 BC) a physician in the court of the Persian emperor, had every opportunity to know the facts about India but his accounts were also left as full of lies and exaggeration. The accounts of other dependable writers as Nearchus the Alexander’s Admiral, who wrote a dependable account of the voyage from the Indus to the Persian, the original of which is no longer available, but the extracts, have been preserved for posterity in Arrian’s Indica. Onesicritus the master pilot of Nearchus, his account of Alexander campaigns, also does not exists in its’ original form, and was found highly exaggerated. Aristobulus another companion of Alexander who was also a good geographer, and Kleitarchus another Alexander companion were all left alone as unreliable or full of exaggeration.

The Himalayas constitute a formidable crescent shaped barrier separating Sinkiang and Tibet from India along its wide northern frontier and containing the highest mountain peaks in the world. Himalayan the highest mountain-system in the world extends practically uninterrupted for a distance of over 2500 Kms and covers an Area of about 500,000 sq. Kms. The Himalayan range includes Everest and some ten peaks rising above 7,500 meters. They are framed in immemorial legend, and Hindu literature as the abode of Gods and Sages, the home of Parwati- the throne of her consort (Mount Kailash) adjoining one of the holiest tirthas (religious place of worship), Lake Mansarovar, and the source of innumerable life giving rivers of India including the river Ganga, the holiest of them all. 

The passes across the Himalayas are few, very elevated, and precarious, and all of them strike into the elevated tableland of Tibet, also known as the “roof of the World.” The outer range of the Siwaliks, a more recent formation of broken and disintegrated hills that form a barrier the first step upwards to the planes. The Himalayas are continued by the Hindu Kush, and its offshoots in the west and the Lushai hills on the east, provide the rugged, elevated and formidable barrier in the north separating it from the rest of the world.  Below the Hind Kush stretch of narrow irregular border districts of Pathan Highlands, a country all mountainous, a land full of wild tribes, and the chief passes between Afghanistan and India. This formidable natural fortification and barrier made it extremely difficult for Alexander companion to travel and traveller’s to enter the heartland of Ancient Bharat, i.e. India. 

 The two mighty rivers, the Sindhu in the north-west and Brahmaputra in the east, garland the Himalayas at either end of their length of over 2500 Kms. The Brahmaputra and its confluent, with their potentialities for the cultivation of Tea, coffee and fruits, dominate the northern eastern frontier, where live the numerous sub-Himalayan tribes.

 The North- west is the key to India proper and too much of her history. It is continuous on the south with the vast plain of Hindustan, the Aryavarta (i.e. the home of Aryans) of Manu (the first man as per Hindu mythology).  In Kashmir are contained the great reservoir’s of water supply that irrigates the flat plains of Punjab. Kashmir was from earlier times an influential centre of Hindu culture, was the home of Sanskrit scholars and poets.

Bharat, i.e. India is bounded on the Southwest by Arabian Sea and on the south east by the Bay of Bengal. On the north, north-east and north-west lie the Himalayan Ranges. The Indian Ocean washes the southern tip, Kanayakumari. Arawalli range in the north- western India is one of the oldest mountain systems of the world. The present Aravalli range is only a remnant of the gigantic system that existed in the prehistoric times with several of its summits rising above the snow line. Patkai and allied mountain range run along the Indo-Bangladesh-Burma border and may collectively be called Purvanchal or eastern mountains. The entire major landforms, hills, mountains, and land surface has developed into plateau character, with a large portion of land falling in this category. There are extensive plains either flat or rolling at levels ranging from 300 to 900 meters, dotted with conical or rounded hills or traversed by flat-topped ridges.   

There are over 60 languages spoken in India and an equal amount of culture, tribes, races and society in existence. How such a large portion of population existed only in India and not in any other part of the world, is a matter of mystery, and if we believe in the current History, it becomes more confusing and illogical. It is an accepted fact that the Hindu cultures, religion and civilisation is the oldest and has influenced most parts of Asia. It is also an accepted fact that the trace of human life is oldest in Asia. As per the writing, India was a land of riches, which attracted the people throughout the world. The fact is that the approach of Indian sub-continent was the most difficult, and hence beyond reach for most people and races. The Indian climate is also humid and hot, and not conducive for work and health. Considering other parts of Asia and the large area of plain grass lands, water sources and minerals found in other parts of Asia, it becomes more illogical for so many races of primitive man, to cross all the difficult barriers and come into India. It is also beyond explanations, why different races of primitive man did not explore and settle into the abundant vast plain lands of Europe and Central Asia. Moreover as per geographical excavations the rich plains of Ganges were low lying fertile land which were prone to floods and water logging and made life difficult. Several cities and cultures and cities therein were washed out due to heavy flow of water from Himalayas, as is revealed by historians.

The word Aryan or Arya in Sanskrit means persons “of good family”. The Gazetteer of India an amended version of the Imperial Gazetteer of India (published by Britishers) states that Airyan in Zend language also means the same. I do not have any knowledge of this language hence am not in a position to comment on it.  Civilisation and classes of people have named themselves in their own language. I do not find anywhere in the History the trace of spreading of the ancient Zend language and culture throughout the world, and its further development as a role in civilisation or culture of any region, in any significant way as compared to Sanskrit or Hindu culture.

  A close study of all-old civilisations and culture from pre-historic times reveals that culture, socio-political organisation, prosper, grow and spread from the region of their origin i.e. the mother land. There is no evidence or precedence in the history except that of “Aryans”, wherein a cult of people came from other region, settled in a far away land in another part of the world, made it as their homeland and then developed the worlds richest culture. It is also surprising how historians believed that the ancient Aryans, who developed the Sanskrit language much later as printed in History, named their race as Aryan in Sanskrit thereafter. The first culturally rich and prosperous civilisation that spread through out Asian peninsula and also Central Asia was that of the Hindu culture and civilisation.

There is no evidence or inscription anywhere in the history, which proves that our ancestors moved from Central Asia to India, which was named by the Aryans as Bharat as printed in History and our mythology.

The Ancient Bharat, which included Afghanistan and Pakistan, is known and referred in the Hindu Granths as Deva Bhumi (i.e. the land of Gods). The mythologies also reveal the special affinity of Deva’s to this Holy Land of Bharat.  The Mythologies and its script also state a healthy relationship between the Asuras (Demons) and the Deva (God), and marriage’s between them. Various Indian mythologies also state how Hindu women’s gave birth to Deva’s children.  It is further mentioned that at the time of writing of Veda only Deva and Asuras existed.  It further goes to state, that their were long battles’ between Asuras and Deva’s, and that both of them worshipped the Mahadevas, i.e. the Devas, Deva (God). These give our theory further strength, that Devas were not gods, but godly people of their time, which worshiped Mahadevas and Aadi Shakti, Maa.

            History states the existences of various tribes in and around the elevated tableland of Tibet, commonly known as the “roof of the World”, and the trace of oldest civilisation in the adjacent plains of Himalayas. In prominence the Mongolian tribes situated on the North-eastern and western side of Himalayas. It is also relevant to mention herewith that these ancient civilisations had many things in common. The Chinese, people believed and studied Astronomy and astrology, made calendar and followed it as per lunar cycles, loved and treated their King as a son of God, like Hindu’s as mentioned in Veda. Indian kings also represented themselves as the representative of the Hindu God Vishnu and performed their Raja Dharma as per the Hindu religions and followings. Nepal the only Hindu Ratra (nation), still treat their King as a son of Vishnu, the Hindu god who is known as the palankarta (the one which looks after every day needs).    It is also relevant to mention here-in that, the Chinese and the Indian knew about the metals, compounds and it chemistry most and applied it in modern use and it is from this part of the world that this knowledge was carried though out the world. If we study the Ancient culture of China and India we find many things in common, including the first to make cloths, silk cloths and fine printings and its dyes. History reveals that all these races were later influenced by Hindu religion and Hinduism the way of life, and worshipped Hindu Gods or Saints (Buddha).

The excavation at Harappa and Mohenjodaro in Indus valley point to a well developed knowledge of metallurgy of copper and bronze in about 2500 B.C. Indian steel was highly valued all over the ancient world and was exported in large quantities. A Chinese traveller has written about the Brahmin possessing a liquid (probably acid) capable of dissolving most substances.

 Our ancestors named their race as Aryans, “meaning thereby a good family”. The legendary Uttarakurus of the far north were a model of Arcadian society of godly men who were the first Vis’ i.e. tribes of Aryans. It is perhaps from this Vis, from where some the early Aryans started their exploration of Asia and their journey to Central Asia and beyond. The love and preference of living in the cold icy atmosphere of Himalayas by Devas, is reflected by the spread of Aryans to find cold places, further North and North West from India, into Europe and Central, North and North East Asia. The finding of the Swastik symbol and other Aryans signs, culture and society in these parts, all gives an impression of the primitive Aryans and Devas, adaptation to the cold atmosphere and also an impression that Aryans were a race which was near to the Deva race, in matter of physical features, habits and structure, hence were called a good family.  It further gives an impression that our Ancestors used various methods of reproduction in a bid to find a better race, or family and left others as separate tribes to develop and live their own life, with support and help from them. Each tribe in the beginning had its own culture way of living and worship. Each tribe worshipped its own Deva. There is a tradition in the Hindu culture to worship our ancestors and the same is followed as of today. However as per Hindu mythology, the riches of knowledge were shared more with the Aryans than with other tribes.

In some passages (Sloakes) of Rig Veda, the Mahabharat and the Pali canon there are references to a casteless millennium of equality, plenty and piety- this was supposed to have existed in some remote, unrecorded antiquity.

In the golden age of Krta or StayaYuga there was only one caste of Deva (gods) or Brahman. The concept of Vis or tribe came late, and the early tribal fathers (prajapati) were known by their mothers’ name viz., Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kadru, Vinata etc, as per Rg-Veda and the first canto of Mahabharat. These original mothers were supposed to be the sources of mankind. There were different Vis situated in different parts of India, mostly in the plain situated near the great Himalayas and all were matriarchal. The one-caste society of the Krta age is mythised version of tribal herd bound by ties of kinship and tribal discipline. Men were governed by tribal rules of hunting and war. How and when the mother was set aside and the patriarchal system replaced the matriarchal is not known, and later on the conception and legacy of ‘Sakti’ or the Cosmic mother, was born. We the Hindus still pay the highest respect to ‘Sakti’ and our mother and worship goddess in its various avatars. Mother’s place is considered the most auspicious place in Hindu society, we worship the same and name it by various names and one such name is Janani (the provider of life). When the Vis and Janas become accustomed to the environment and the human evolution was complete, the Aryans with the help of Devas began to unify them and bind them into one homogenous group.